RESEARCH WORK
"CRIMINALISTICA AS THE CONTRIBUTION OF SCIENCE OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION
AND SOME AREAS OF THE ACT"
I. - SUMMARY
In the present work is to analyze the importance of forensic science as not only science but art and art that has emerged in the criminal investigation, and must take into account this rapidly developing science is not limited to research criminal but it can contribute in other areas not necessarily linked to crime, but civil in nature, private or mixed public, however it has been more related with the crime and hence his name of criminal, it has its origin, development and field action has been directed more to the crime, where as science, art or technique has contributed and will continue to contribute in this field permanent human social life. Developed further in this paper some areas of its activity as a science of crime.
II .- INTRODUCTION
as criminology is a science that goes along with the evolution of crime que a medida que este se tecnifica, se desarrolla se organiza y se amplia, la Criminalistica debe adecuarse a esta evolución y es mas, debe adelantarse a tales hechos a fin no solo de combatirlos y descubrir el crimen y sus autores, sino también prevenirlo; dentro del campo de la criminalistica como ciencia dada la diversidad de medios delictivos se va tocar temas tales como el lugar de los hechos, el estudio de la escena en una muerte de interés Forense, documentoscopia y aspectos medico legales en los delitos Contra la Libertad Sexual, como campos muy comunes de incidencia criminal.
III.- LA CRIMINALISTICA COMO CIENCIA
The criminal investigation has evolved in three stages from the so-called wrong where even criminals were recruited to fight crime, to its empirical stage which highlighted the natural powers of the police, up to phase-based scientific methods observation and experimentation, science lasa own scientists, thus giving birth to criminology as a science of Criminal Investigation and link closely with the criminal law.
The criminal investigation is aimed at establishing the truth of the facts and the responsibility for them, bone determine the existence of the crime and the identity of the author and do so by a surgical procedure or criminal investigation consists of four phases, namely: 1) Phase Inquest that begins with taking the "notitia criminis" and proceeds to perform the preliminary measures of investigative collects, 2) Planning Phase, which is identified, defined and delimited the problem is formulated hypotheses about the fact, author and victim programadose proceedings to act to confirm the hypotheses, 3) Phase Executing it is necessary to carry out the planned measures, including collecting criminology rethink results confirm the hypothesis, 4) Conclusions and Report Stage, which will result in minor findings consistent with a central hypothesis and a general conclusion that under the new Code of Criminal Procedure Police report must be endorsed with the analysis of the events investigated, the reports prepared, received demonstrations, surveys conducted and identification and location of the accused or without legal qualification or complaint responsibility.
In this framework the Criminalistica takes hold as a consultant forensic science of criminal law and criminal procedure, which reviews evidence and evidence of a criminal act in order to explore and scientifically prove the crime and the offender making the signs and evidence evidence, the objective is achieved with the contribution of pure science call it and applied mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology. accounting sciences etc. with which science or art technique helps in understanding the criminal discovery input and support it as Criminology.
IV .- THE PLACE OF THE FACTS
means scene as "The site has committed a crime may be" taking the whole criminal investigation is almost always the starting point in place of facts, for that matter debiéndose consider as many criminologists refer "when not collected and studied the evidence on the whole crime scene investigation is more difficult" for that reason it is imperative first protect the scene so that the Public Ministry staff, experts and police found the place where the original form as it was left by the perpetrators, taking into account the offender as it passes through the scene left evidence of their presence, and the commission of this criminal behavior also takes in most cases, some vestiges of the place or the victim, there are often exchanges between the author, the victim and place of the facts.
rules to preserve and protect the scene to be applied according to the needs and practices in complying, and they are: 1) If the fact had been raised in the open field should establish a protection radius of 50 meters to take the spot as the center of the events (open country road, ranch, cottage, land planting etc.) 2) If the act is in a closed field, office, warehouse, fourth, household etc. Will protect all exits and entrances, doors and windows, 3) The first officers or police officers who become aware of the facts should not touch or move an object, rather caring conservation scenario 4) If the agent or police arrived first at the scene had the need to touch or move anything should tell in detail to the Public Prosecutor and criminal correctly indicating the position retained the original objects. 5) Do not touch or alter in any way the position of the bodies or handle weapons and objects related to the facts, 6) The investigation will be doomed to personal choice of places to be walked on or touch so as not to be erased or altered signs, 7) All brand or mark that would indicate danger of being destroyed or altered will be properly protected and lifted as soon as possible with the techniques for this purpose, 8) At the conclusion of the ministerial inspection are at the discretion of the prosecutor if sealed the doors and windows to their preservation for future care possible explanation.
V. - STUDY IN A DEATH SCENE FORENSIC INTEREST
Complementing the above and noting that scene and the scene is doing the same and is technically called Criminalistica inspection will touch a common theme that has to do a criminal interest death, death on a criminal is of interest or examiner, in the case of a low wall suspected of having been caused by an offense and whose care is recognized in the penal code and special care, including cases where there is evidence or suspicion of a violent death and that is that result of an accident, suicide or murder and in general those deaths without medical certification, either because they had no medical care or not was insufficient time for complete evaluation of the treating physician, which could allowed to dismiss a case or legal interest can not be confirmed with certainty that the death was from natural causes, the latter understood as the underlying cause of death is caused by a disease or certified by attending physician pathology. Objectives
Scene Study: 1. 2 verify the fact. Recognize, assess and collect clues and evidence 3. Collect data and testimonies 4. Findings Criminalistica reconstructive It will meet the following preliminary steps.
1 .- Adequate information .- To take the best and complete as possible data known about the nature of the case.
2 .- Formality .- The inspection will be in charge of the prosecution or the police, the latter where it is physically impossible for the prosecutor who will take to collect emergency information to enable it available to the prosecutor and made known to the prosecutor on the day as required by the standard.
3 .- Planning .- Known targets should be estimated personal resources, material and financial resources required and available for proper inspection and try to make the personal numerote be the minimum, provide logistical equipment for the collection and transfer pickup samples. VI .- Document Examination
documentología or grafotecnia also called, is the discipline of forensic science that deals with the examination of documents to effect rule on the authenticity or identify possible changes that the document has undergone.
To determine this you can use the system within which Scopometrico must turn to analyze the extrinsic elements of the document and is to analyze the generic features of each clerk and whose characteristics should be analyzed separately such as spontaneity, rhythm writing, inclination of the axis of writing, direction, layout, irradiation, size of lines and features, proportionality graph intervals and culture and must also proceed al análisis intrínsecos que podemos sintetizar como el análisis que abarca los detalles de construcción de la letra tales como; la presión, evolución del trazo, velocidad, continuidad, giro horario, enlace con las letras ojal, bucle, festón, los trazos acerados, el inicio, el remate, borrado, los ángulos o curvas en al construcción etc.
Existen varias formas de adulterare o falsificar un documento las que pudren ser, por disminución, tales como borrado, raspado, amputación o lavado, por adicción, tales como enmienda y agregado propiamente dicho, como también de orden cronológico tales como por fecha, por diferencia de tinta, papeles u otros elementos .
VII
MEDICAL LEGAL ASPECTS OF CRIMES AGAINST SEXUAL FREEDOM
First conceptualize what is meant by rape: about Professor in Forensic Medicine Dr. Maurer is defined as "the act of intercourse more or less complete or incomplete , not necessary the complete introduction of the penis in the vagina of the victim and that is sufficient to define the offense with the only partial introduction need not be either the offender or ejaculation deflowering of the victim
A variety of acts of rape intercourse is unnatural, understood this when the penis makes contact with the line and cause a bruise pirpinea perineal, compromising anal mucosa and lesions occur resulting in laceration injuries to the anal area are also called sign heritimosa phlogosis and cause congestion.
By entering the penis into the anus can break the internal sphincter causing fissure, now if the penis enters more deeply hipotomico caused a year, and determined that there phlogosis can say that sex is unnatural when a male victim folds deform observed depressions that give the image of a tube known for being able to produce well year infundibular lesions such as hemorrhoids, general, and agree to the age of the victim until the tenth day can clearly seen anal lesions.
pirpinea line constricts the anal crypts and serves to remove the mucus that facilitates the exit of the esses fecal working together with the anal sphincter is a series of muscles that keep the anal area contracted to observe the year should be placed a person in possession Mohammedan, recalling that the innermost zone is the anal mucosa and the outermost zone is the anus.
To determine if the item was a penis income shall first analyze whether there is seminal fluid was found in up to 72 hours or six days, blood was found, as evidence was used consisting of acid phosphatase secretion take and demonstrate in a laboratory by chemical tests it is discovered semen and finally to find traces of fur or hair, nails in the debris that is sensitive skin sex offender
IX .- CONCLUSION Under the themes developed can draw some guidelines as to the purpose of forensic science and some fields in which this makes its appearance, and the importance of their work especially in the contribution to the clarification of criminal acts decisively contribute to determine the existence of the crime, the author's participation, the identification of this with the fact carmine and the proper administration of justice as objective end of criminal science.
X. - BIBLIOGRAPHY
MAGISTRAURA ACADEMY, Pedro Ruiz Chunga.
VANDERBOSH Crimes. Editorial Limusa
Ivan Ramos Noguera, Crimes Against Sexual Liberty, Portocarrero
publishing company
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